Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 1565 Words

Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental illness that has resulted from a severe traumatic event. Given the hidden nature of this mental illness, PTSD has become more common among teenagers. Research states that â€Å"Depending upon the nature and degree of the traumatic event, the prevalence rates of PTSD in victims have been reported to approach 100%† (Kar, 2011, p.167). Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has been used as an effective intervention to assist in regulating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Evidence-based practice, displays that cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) strategy is an excellent way in decreasing the symptoms and risks that occur with post-traumatic stress disorder (Feather Ronan, 2009). The†¦show more content†¦Goals of the Program Evaluation The first goal of this consumer-oriented evaluation is to reduce PTSD symptoms in teenagers with the use of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Evaluating the efficacy of this goal, the first data point would be to collect quantitative data on the severity levels of PTSD with the use of self-report surveys. Second, collect quantitative data with a questionnaire on the use of parental involvement within the teenager’s life. Third, collect qualitative data from focus groups on how teachers can be supportive. The second goal of this consumer-oriented evaluation is to diminish the risk of violence in teenagers with PTSD. Evaluating the efficacy of this goal, the first data point is to use quantitative data to measure adjustments in violent behavior in pretreatment and posttreatment. Second, use quantitative data to display a correlational relationship between the annoyance and forceful behavior in PTSD. Third, use qualitative data to assess the changes that occurred with posttreatment on reducing the risk of violence with PTSD. Data Collection and Instrumentation The first goal data points will utilize quantitative collection with the use of self-surveys and questionnaires. The PTSD Self-Rating Scale, will be used to provide a measurement of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (Fan et al., 2011). This self-report survey was given before treatment, to provide a rating on the severity of the PTSD

Dutch Revolt Free Essays

1 Assignment 2 How significant was the Reformed faith for the success of the Dutch Revolt Essay plan My essay will begin with a chapter on when and why the revolt Started, and will then continue to explain and talk about the main participants in its continuance and then go on to talk about their individual beliefs and reasons for the revolts emergence and success. The Dutch revolt or the revolt of the Netherlands as it is also known as, started in 1566 and carried on until the early 17th century. The seventeen provinces of the Low Countries were acquired by the Hasburgs through marriage in 1477 but were still infested with independent lordships right up until the 17th century and were divided between German speaking Dutch in the north 2 East and French speaking Walloons (people from the area of modern day Belgium) in the south west. We will write a custom essay sample on Dutch Revolt or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reformation in the Netherlands was an international religious and political event with the seventeen provinces of the Low Countries against the ardent Catholics supported by Charles V and then his son Philip II of the Spanish Empire. The seventeen provinces soon jelled under the leadership of William prince of orange. William was born in 1533 and was raised as a Lutheran, when he was 11, and when his cousin died he inherited the title Prince of Orange, on the condition that he had a Roman Catholic education. He grew up and became a wealthy nobleman who originally served the Hasburgs as a member of the court of Margaret of Parma, the governor of the Spanish Netherlands who was the king’s representative due to the fact of being Charles V illegitimate daughter from a relationship with Johanna Maria Van der Gheynst. William held the position of the Stadholder (steward/ lieutenant). Having been raised as a Lutheran and later being educated in the 3 Catholic ways he grew dissatisfied at the persecution of the Protestants in the Netherlands. It was 1559 when he was given the position of Stadholder of the provinces of Holland and Utrecht, and his decision to oppose the king originated later in the same year when in the company of a couple of French noblemen he overheard about the plan to exterminate the protestants in both France and the Netherlands, and he decided he wanted, nothing to do with their slaughter. In August 1566 the uprising was bought about with a wave of beeldenstorm (iconoclasm) spread with the destruction of statues and religious images in hundreds of churches and monasteries across the Netherlands. The destruction of these statues and Catholic images were denounced as superstitious and unbiblical and the stained glass images were also seen as false teachings of the church (pp68 Block 2 The European Reformation). Margaret allowed influential noblemen including William to become more involved with the rebels in return for their help in quelling anymore destruction; she also granted some of the rebel’s wishes, which included suspending the heresy laws to enable a group of 4 petitioners to negotiate with Philip II, but in early 1567 it became clear she would not be allowed to fulfil her promises when the Duke of Alba was dispatched to the area to restore order. After his arrival the duke set up the council of troubles or known locally as the council of blood because of he 10,000 rebels called before the council for judgment and subsequently killed. William was one of these called up but he failed to show up, he was named as a rebel and had his lands and properties confiscated. Charles V was born in the Flemish city of Ghent in 1500. In 1506 he inherited his father’s Burgundian territories but because of his tender age his aunt Margaret acted as regent until 1515. From early on in 1 515 Charles had to deal with a rebellion from peasants, and after defeating them in 1523 he went on to extend the Burgundian territories. The European Inquisition executed their first Lutheran martyrs at Brussels in 1523, but private support for the new beliefs was more widespread than publically thought. In 1521 Charles called an assembly at worms in Germany to discuss Protestant Reformation. He called Martin Luther to appear before the assembly and to either renounce or reaffirm his views. 5 Luther Said â€Å"Unless I am convinced by the testimony of the scriptures or by clear reason (for I do not trust either in the pope or in councils alone, since it is well known that they have often erred and ontradicted themselves), I am bound by the scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is captive to the word of God. I cannot and will not recant anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. May God help me. Amen. After the assembly Charles V made a decree (edict of worms) which stated â€Å" We forbid anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favour the said Martin Luther. On the contrary we want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic, as he deserves, to be brought personally before us, or to be securely guarded until those who have captured him inform us, where upon we will order the appropriate manner of proceeding against the said Luther. Those who will help in his capture will be rewarded generously for 6 their good work†. It was the culmination of an ongoing struggle between Martin Luther and the Catholic Church. On his way back to Wittenburg after his meeting with Charles, William was picked up by soldiers of Frederick the Wise and escorted to Wartburg Castle for his own protection. Philip II became king of Spain and Lord of the low countries in 1556 when he took over from his father Charles V. Philips rule in the seventeen separate provinces known collectively as the Netherlands faced many difficulties including heavy taxation and the suppression of Protestantism; this led to warfare in 1568. In 1566, protestant preachers sparked anti-clerical riots known as the Iconoclast Fury; in response to growing heresy, the duke of Alba`s army went on the offensive which further alienated the local aristocracy. In 1584, William of Orange was assassinated by Balthasar Gerard, after Philip had offered a reward of 25,000 crowns to anyone who killed him, calling him a â€Å"pest on the whole of Christianity and the enemy of the human race†. 7 All of the key people involved with the revolt in the Netherlands had their own religious beliefs, and it was these beliefs which were instrumental in the uprising, from the catholic support of the Spanish royal family and the other established European rulers at the time, and the new believers such as Luther and Calvin who influenced William of Orange and other key rebels. The key figures in the new religious movement had such influence over the wronged peasants that they were able to be guaranteed of their support in whatever was asked of them including the revolt itself. (Word Count 1149) Bibliography Wallace, P. (The Long European Reformation). Grell, Ole Peter. O`Day, R. Laurence, A. Loftus, D. (The European Reformation), Block 2. The Open University, Milton Keynes. How to cite Dutch Revolt, Papers

Discipline free essay sample

Machiavelli has a theory that ends justify the means which means a person may do whatever they need to do as long as their outcome has some meaning. In sports some believe that taking steroids is the right thing to do. Then there is also the group that believes that taking steroids is morally wrong. From an ethical/moral standpoint, players who use steroids are cheating and living a lie, garnering success and prospering from illegal substances. Users who buy into Machiavellis theory go against societys standards of rewarding hard work and discipline. When you take steroids you do not use hard work and discipline to reach your physical status. Taking steroids is a harm that reaches far beyond ones body, but into ones soul. It is morally wrong to cheat for a living. Those who oppose the illegality and immorality of performance-enhancing drugs maintain that professional athletes should have the right to use steroids because steroids are no different from any other technology or substance that enables athletes to compete at high levels. Although advances in technology in sports have been made that only allows the sports to become more competitive. Ones body is not a piece of equipment that can be used, abused, and replaced. Using enhancers such as, anabolic steroids, allows beings to become almost super human an act of immorality. In Steve Yuhas’ essay, â€Å"The Steroid Scandal in Baseball has been Overblown,† he explains a profound understanding that steroids cannot increase the abilities of an athlete. Overall steroids do not help the abilities taught to professional athletes or athletes in general. Yuhas states that â€Å"Yes, they can become stronger and their biceps may grow to the size of a normal person’s thigh, but that doesn’t make them able to hit a small ball with a thin bat and it certainly doesn’t make a football player throw more accurately or kick the ball through the uprights with more precision† (Yuhas 2). Abilities are taught and learned. Steroids do not help the ability of the athlete. He is a believer of Machiavellis theory; he believes that an athlete does not have to work hard to achieve a mentally and physically stronger body when they can just pop a pill to do the work for them. Yuhas’ argues, â€Å"There seems to be a [†¦] scale of morality involved in steroids that is absent from any other substance. Popping a pill to render a child more productive in school or to make a fat person thin is great; sucking the fat out of a womans behind or injecting a forehead with botox is simply cosmetic upkeep, but put something in your body that makes you more competitive in your livelihood and it is somehow morally corrupt† (Yuhas 2). Although Yuhas makes a substantial argument there is a thin line between what is morally wrong and what is right. Athletes use steroids to become stronger to earn more money and fame for themselves. Society looks upon steroid use as an immoral judgment. Steroid use for athletes is a selfish and greedy act. People may use botox to prevent â€Å"Father Time†, but that is not a reason for professional athletes, who are role models to so many, to use steroids. A human beings competitive livelihood is apparent to all. When someone wants to become the best they are willing to work hard for it and not cheat. When you use steroids you do not become the greatest athlete, but you do become the worst. Despite the recent problems with steroid use in professional sports, especially baseball, steroid restrictions have not been enforced hard enough on the athletes. Steroids used by one-person gives them an advantage over those who do not use performance enhancers. Due to steroid use, sports records held by elite athletes are being broken by false feats that are only achieved by using an enhancer, and enforcing steroid use in professional sports gives young athletes a better understanding of how dangerous enhancers actually are. Aside from personal harm to the user, steroid use is detrimental to fellow players as well as fans. Many things can be included as an immoral act but in today’s society steroid use is a main point on what is morally wrong. Baseball is an American pastime and ruining the game is a bad example to all Americans. Americans have a livelihood for competition, from clinching the World Series to who can belch the loudest. Our conscience urges competition to an extreme that makes the littlest of things very big. While performance-enhancing drugs enhance an athletes skill sets, they devalue and alter competition. When you go to a baseball game you only want to see a few things, which include that huge homerun by your favorite player and the win to your favorite team. Some would argue that using steroids will allow more homeruns to players and would make baseball games more entertaining. Well those few people may be right but then the game would not be competitive. If you go to a game and each team hits five to eight homeruns apiece the urge to see homeruns and watch the game would be ruined. Records are always broken, each decade a more outstanding athlete emerges and they begin at a record pace and break great athletic records. Records are something to glorify, Babe Ruth had the record homeruns in a season, then a few years later that was broken by another player, Roger Marris. As the game began to become more competitive in both aspects of pitching and hitting records were difficult to break. Hitters began to hit the long ball harder and further, the change in the athletes muscle mass was exponential but players and the MLB did not care. Baseball had many fans, as Mark McGwire had been his record-breaking homerun pace. His record was set by a lie as he attested to using steroids during that record breaking year and his lie caused much hurt to fans as it had embarrassed the franchise. Later Barry Bonds broke the record and broke the all time homeruns in a career passing Hank Aaron. Not long after that he was accused of using steroids and then again a franchise was embarrassed. The pressure on baseball players is indirect; it comes twice a month, on paydays. The big money goes to guys who hit thirty homers, not the ones who hit thirty doubles. It pays to be strong; it is almost like an animalistic behavior. Only the strongest survive. Are athletes the role models needed for American youth? Many young athletes have their favorite player in whichever sport they partake in. Seeing their idol admitting to using steroids could possibly corrupt their mind in believing that steroid use is the right thing to do to become a stronger and better athlete. Beyond any possible benefits of steroid use lies the dangerous issue of health. In many cases, athletes (especially young athletes) are so focused on success in a professional sport that they are ignoring the glaring consequences of steroid use. In actuality, the price of steroid use and abuse is high; much higher a price than any lucrative contract or marketing deal. â€Å"The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that heart attacks, strokes, and live cancer are the more serious life-threatening effects of steroid abuse. Side effects for male users include acne, hair-loss, development of breasts, shrinking testicles, and impotence. † (qtd. In Fletcher D4). Yet another way in which steroids harm the user is through increased susceptibility to injuries. One theory is that players are overwhelming their bodies with rapid muscle growth. Players who use steroids to gain a competitive advantage over peers and opponents pressure others, including youth, to use performance-enhancing substances. If they too want to win and remain competitive, they must use steroids as well. In baseball, as with all professional sports, income, fame, and marketability depend on success and impressive feats of athleticism. The pressure and increased incentive to bulk up is evident. â€Å"The average size of a major-league player was a pretty standard 6-foot-1, 185 pounds for at least 30 years, until the early 1990s. Today, the average player is 6-foot-1, 200 pounds, and most teams have players who weigh in at 240 pounds or more. † (West 22). Bigger players hit more home runs and sign lucrative contracts and endorsement deals. Because of this, more players want to be bigger. As more and more players are tainted by steroids it begins to affect more and more of the youth that watches sports. Steroids have directly affected the biggest fans in baseball, America’s youth. Besides cheapening statistics and athletic accomplishments, the use of performance-enhancing drugs has tarnished the general image of baseball. Instead of a game that encourages healthy competition, it is one that resembles a pharmacological trade show, where the effects of steroids are put on display. Baseball is known as Americas pastime. It holds a special place in American society. The values of society are reflected in the values of its most popular and revered cultural pastimes. When the message is sent that it is acceptable to have a drug problem in sport, it is akin to saying that this staple of American culture is reflective of a drug problem in society. Some would argue that baseball is a reflection of a culture mired in drugs and a society that is lacking quality role models for its youth. One of the biggest blows to baseballs image came in August 2005 when slugger Rafael Palmeiro, who has collected over 3,000 hits and has hit nearly 600 home runs during his career, tested positive for steroids. † (Fletcher D1). The former first baseman for the Baltimore Orioles was booed relentlessly and was told by the team after the season he would no longer be part of the team. Palmeiro is since retired; his hall-of-fame numbers are still in question. As we have seen, the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport, specifically baseball, is an immoral practice. As seen steroid use does in fact directly affects fans and the teammates that the player plays with. Drug testing baseball players cannot be foolproof. In fact, all the testing does is keep players from using optimal dosages and encourage them to find ways to mask the drugs. The only infallible test for steroid use is a players moral compass. As soon as players identify not using steroids as a moral obligation, for both personal reasons and beyond, the game of baseball and its once-great warriors will return to the apex of the sporting world.

Vegetarianism Is A Good Idea For Anyone, Whether Young Or Old, Healthy

Vegetarianism is a good idea for anyone, whether young or old, healthy or sick. Reasons supporting vegetarianism are inarguable since becoming a vegetarian is scientifically proven to improve one's lifestyle in several different ways. First and most importantly to many, vegetarianism improves one's health tremendously. Secondly, it can improve or display one's spirituality and beliefs. Another reason for changing to a vegetarian lifestyle that most people don't know is for the ecology and our surroundings. All of the above reasons and many more show that vegetarianism is a wonderful enhancement to anyone's overall life. Health should be a considerable priority in every individual's life and vegetarians are proven to be healthier than carnivorous humans in various ways. First, medical studies show that a human being's body was not made to be carnivorous (for example; humans have no fang s or claws) and because are digestive system was not made to digest meat, a vegetarian diet is much easier and healthier for our bodies. Secondly, as known around the world, the most common cause of death is heart attack and the average man is at a 50% risk while a vegetarian man is at a 4% risk. Another fact most don't think about is that every one out of three chickens is infected with salmonella bacteria. Speaking of bacteria and disease, the U.S. Department of Agriculture implies that it protects meat-eaters through regular and thorough meat inspection while in reality, fewer than one out of every 250,000 slaughtered animals is tested for toxic chemical residues. As a matter of fact, breast milk of a meat-eating m other versus a non meat-eating mother is 35 times higher for contamination of milk due to pesticides found in meat. Vegetarianism also prevents cancer by 50%, and prevents heart disease, lowering blood pressure, gallstones, kidney stones, osteoporosis and can even reverses diabetes. Finally, maintaining a vegetarian diet will not only make you physically healthier but will improve your psychiatric health also. In fact, many psychiatrists recommend a vegetarian diet to those with violent anger problems. As provided above, becoming a vegetarian would improve anyone's health and give all nutrition needed including protein. Many vegetarians do what they do for spiritual reasons and all have much supporting logic behind all the spirituality. Others claim they are spiritual people who are compassionate but how can one who eats meat be so with the knowledge of the suffering animals whose pain are beyond calculation? If one has understanding from God, how can he/she nourish ones' self by the misery and death of other organisms made to live and be free? When a human kills an animal for food, he/she is neglecting his own hunger for justice. When a human claims to love God's creatures and then eats meat, he/she is inconsistent and a hypocrite. One should never accept characteristics such as injustice, inconsistency and hypocrisy while asserting spirituality. There is another beneficial reason for vegetarianism that most never have heard of or thought about. Our environment is affected in many ways by livestock and so on. In fact, every quarter pound of hamburger meat one eats destroys 55 square feet of rainforest, which is already being demolished in the first place. This is because many cattle eaten in the U.S. have been fattened up and raised in former rainforest that was converted to grazing ground. Actually, more than 50% of rainforest destruction has been from animal grazing. Other than the destruction of rain forest, more than half of all water supplies goes to livestock production. Vegetarianism could even improve our world by preventing hunger for 1,300,000,000 humans could be fed by the grain and soybeans fed to livestock each year. Not only does meat eating help destroy our bodies but the world around us. When it all comes down to it, being a vegetarian is a wonderful, spiritual, and helpful way of life and it could be to all. It could improve health, spirituality, and even the ecology. There are many more reasons supporting vegetarianism and one could always find some that are most important to them. Some think of vegetarianism as a punishment or restriction while true vegetarians and the ones who know most distinguish that it is a fantastic and quick way

The facial expression Essay Example

The facial expression Essay Example The facial expression Essay The facial expression Essay The end of Act Three possessed the same hysterical and anticlimactic qualities as the end to Act One. The pretence of Abigail and the rest of the girls was once again acted in a rather ridiculous fashion to put off the audience. Abby, you mustnt Im here, Im here Never, never. To put it rather bluntly, the girls seemed to be shaking as if they had been given an electric shock. In this scene, Danforth appeared to be the one serving the same function as Hale in the end of Act One; being the gullible one who fell for the puerile actions of the girls. (growing hysterical) Why can they only repeat you? (p93). The way that Danforth was presented in this scene highlighted his typically one dimensional character as described earlier. To the girls, this was nothing more than a playground game. On the other hand Danforth was treating it seriously. Danforth also played the gullible role of Hale in Act One when he appeared to be charmed by Abigail. While he spoke the words Abigail. I bid you now search your heart and tell me this (p87), he had gone down on one knee and was treating her as if she was a princess. This, like in Act One served the same purpose as to distancing the audience from the opinions of the characters on stage (since the audience did not feel sexually attracted to Abigail). In addition to all of this, what struck me most was the fact that the expression on Mary Warrens face was blemished with genuine fear for what was going on; the audience on the other hand were not scared in the slightest. Hence this once again underlined the difference in opinions between the audience and the characters on stage, the audience being the ones in the knowing, thus emphasising the dramatic irony shown in Act One. The only problem however lay in the fact that Proctors outbreak of hysteria at the end of this scene was somewhat suppressed due to the state of mind the audience was in following the juvenile actions of the girls. The whole disturbing sense of I say god is dead (p96) was dissipated. Even though this scene did not do justice to my favourite character John Proctor in Arthur Millers actual text, overall I believe it still benefited him. The dramatic irony was a way of highlighting his choric role. Since the actions of the other characters on stage were ridiculed to such an extent and the audience was driven against them, the crowd has been driven to share the same opinions as he did, for he too was one who saw through all the mass hysteria and deception. Theyre pretending Mr Danforth Lies, lies (P92) Another aspect of the book that I believe this production highlighted brilliantly was the tragic effect that Arthur Miller intended to create. Every tragedy is the story of how the birds come home to roost. You do something, and then you try to undo it and it wont undo; it keeps pursuing you until it catches up with you. In other words, his intention was to create a sense of loss, an inescapable fall from a great height. I believe that Proctors catch-22 situation was highlighted very vividly. The scene with Elizabeth on page 109 made it very obvious to the idea that Proctor was going to lose whatever he chose to do. There was not any intimacy in the play up to this point and there was none at this point either. Both had stood in the corner of the stage and the body language of the two made it very obvious that they were distant. It made the audience feel very sympathetic towards what was happening to Proctor. He was not only in a no win situation, there was little support or advice from his loved ones. John, it come to naught that I should forgive you, if youll not forgive yourself. It is not my soul John, it is yours. (p109) The ripping of his own confession on page 115 was done in a very emotional fashion and it made the crowd feel traumatized by Proctors actions. After he ripped the piece of paper, his eyes had somewhat widened and he shot a very blank and psychotic stare at Danforth, it appeared almost as if he had been driven to insanity by the conspiracy against him. I can. And theres your first marvel, that I can. (p115) The facial expression that he asserted was as if he was saying You can take my life but youll never take my pride. His bloodied face was an emblem of all the pain he had already been through while fighting this huge battle against the corrupt court. As he lifted and kissed Elizabeth with great passion, it made the audience feel at a huge climax, because it was actually the first time the two had been intimately and physically together. But for me, Proctors triumph seemed somewhat short lived and in vain. He had saved his pride Because it is my name!; he had made a sacrifice for others I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang!; he had done the honourable thing I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor and his relationship with Elizabeth was healed. Yet still, Proctor was going to die and since the audience had formed such a favourable and positive opinion of him, we didnt want him to die. I think the point when he caught Rebecca as she was about to fall was done very effectively and it underlined Proctors good character and integrity. The final emphasis of the tragic effect was subtly expressed in Elizabeths final quote. He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him. Since this quote was so understated and underplayed as Elizabeth had been throughout the play, it killed the whole idea of triumph in what Proctor had done. As the play was about to end and Proctor was about to die, I didnt feel any positive or satisfying vibe. Instead I felt emotionally overcome with a tragic sensation that left me speechless and perhaps even upset by the death of the righteous man in the play. The only person who seemed to possess the iconoclastic figure and moral authority of the town was dead, the choric role was gone Overall, I think this an excellent production of Arthur Millers The Crucible. It effectively portrayed most of the characters as Arthur Miller had described them in the original book, and the message Arthur Miller had intended to send was ingeniously conveyed. Even though the play was only a mere two and a half hours, I was highly impressed with the amount of detail that was illustrated from the book. In particular, some of the key lines from various characters which had a significant effect on me were vividly presented by the excellent actors and actresses. The setting was very vivid, the costumes were simple yet highly creative, the characters in general were presented very uniquely and the didactic message Arthur Miller wished to depict was carried out clearly. Despite the fact that some areas of the play were underplayed as mentioned earlier, they were compensated by highlighting the significance of other areas. This is an excellent reproduction and unique interpretation of Arthur Millers original work and I absolutely loved it.

Ethical Issues and the Use of Force Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical Issues and the Use of Force - Essay Example Ethical Issues and the Use of Force A problem or issue statement and Research questions From time immemorial, the activities of human have bordered both in the positive direction as well as in the negative direction. Positive direction in the sense, humans has focused their body and mind in constructive activities like development of civilizations, invention of mechanical tools, etc, etc. At the same time, they also involved themselves in destructive activities like war, crime, etc, etc. With these negative and criminal activities harming a lot of innocent people, overseeing bodies to strengthen criminal justice were formed throughout the world. The role of these bodies is to maintain the law and order, and actualize peace in their allocated territories. They were known under different terms like Law enforcement authorities, security forces, police, military, even security guards for private bodies, etc, etc. As part of the protection of law and order, and protection of lives, they w ere authorized to use force to control or subdue the persons who are indulging in the detrimental actions. If the actions of those persons are harmful to the innocent lives, or against the set laws and rules or even injurious to themselves, and when they cannot be prevented from carrying out those actions through verbal communication, use of force will become mandatory. Although, using force during those occasions is a positive step, some times or even most times, the levels of used force could cross the ‘acceptable limits’, causing physical and mental damage and problems to the victims. In that case, these actions of the law enforcement authorities could come under the ethical scanner, with the human rights agencies, media and other segments of the population criticising their actions and wanting strong punishments for them. Literature Review As pointed out above, the use of force is necessary during certain occasions, as it could protect lives as well as maintain law and order, leading to positive outcomes. Thus, the government controlled authorities or officers are legally backed to use force. The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights points out this fact by stating that â€Å"†¦in diffusing situations, apprehending alleged criminals, and protecting themselves and others, officers are legally entitled to use appropriate means, including force.† (â€Å"Use of Force†). Alpert and Dunham (2004) echo the same point by stating that â€Å"while there may be considerable pressure to limit and restrict the use of force by the police, against citizens, no one is calling for them to abandon its use.† However, the ethics angle comes into picture in the form of rules and protocols, which stipulates what form of force or how much force is acceptable. These rules are also applicable to the private security managers, who work for non-governmental, commercial organizations. Although, it also â€Å"depends on the situation and how the offic er is equipped†, while using force, officials in government sector are stipulated to follow set protocols under the auspices of Use-of-Force continuum levels as part of ethics. (McGoey, n. d.). Gaines and Kappeler (2011) state that this continuum is basically a guide to officers, so they are less likely to use excessive force, as it outlines an increasing levels of force, an officer can use to subdue the suspect. That is, an

Competitive and Strategic Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Competitive and Strategic Analysis - Case Study Example A critical analysis of the case shows that disposable income is concentrated in urban areas among the middle class. However, it can also be noted that this class is comprised of people between the ages of 25 and 40. On the other hand, it can be seen that India’s population is regarded as one of the youngest in the world. For instance, it has been observed that as of 2000, about one the country’s population was below 15 years. Whilst this is the largest group, it can be seen that these people have less disposable income hence they may not afford the luxury to go to coffee shops. The average age in India is pegged at 29 compared to other countries across the globe. The majority of the people in India are those still working to so they cannot afford to visit coffee shops. This is likely to impact on Starbucks’ endeavour to establish business in India. However, Starbucks recently partnered with Tata Global Beverages Ltd to open a store in New Delhi. The financial per formance of the company in this country is not yet fully ascertained since it is still on the stage of penetrating the market. Apart from being an emerging economy in the world, India faces numerous constraints that are likely to pose a challenge Starbucks when it intends to enter this market. For instance, country has poor infrastructure and this may impact negatively on Starbucks. The regulations in this country are also stringent such that they may pose a challenge to this company when it plans to penetrate the market. The company should comply with rules and regulations of the country if it intends to successfully launch a business. In case of India, it can be seen that it is open to foreign investors to start business but the problem is that some of the regulations may not be favourable to the company. The other problem characterizing global retail index of India is that the industry is not that lucrative compared to other international destinations. As of 2006, India had a sco re of 55% in terms of risk of opening business there. When there is high risk in a country, it may not be wise for the company to open business in that particular area. Therefore, this may not go down well with Starbucks and this is the reason why it is procrastinating in terms of starting business in this country. The company may experience unprecedented loses if the level of risk is very high. Therefore, it is important to carry out feasibility studies in order to establish the level of lucrativeness of the industry. Failure to do so may impact negatively on the company. India’s market is saturated though it is attractive. This entails that competition is very high and it may be difficult for Starbucks to operate viably in this market. It can also be noted that there are other substitute products like tea which are very popular in this country. There are also other beverages that can be consumed by the customers in place of coffee. When there is stiff competition in the mar ket, it may be difficult to attract many customers during the preliminary stages of the product in the market. However, if the product is well received in the market, it may quickly gain popularity among the customers. This can help the company in the long run but as it stands, it seems that Starbucks is facing numerous challenges that can impact on its endeavour to penetrate the Indian market. When competition is high, the players in the industry compete for the same customers. Other established companies can