Thomas Hart Bentons June Morning. :: essays research papers

     I never go anyplace alone. After a burdensome Saturday morning I at long last crept up and went to the Cummer Museum. Workmanship is one thing that I don’t comprehend. How individuals can discover further implications from paint on a canvas is Japanese to me. At the point when I take a gander at an artwork I see precisely what is being appeared and that's it. There is no more profound significance obvious. Being at this gallery cantankerous and solo attempting to discover an image I felt associated with was practically outlandish. It took me around ten minutes to experience the entire historical center. Be that as it may, in one of the last segments I went in there was at last something that my eyes were attracted to. A picture that made me need to locate the more profound importance. Thomas Hart Benton’s June Morning.  â â â â      From over the room I could see the brilliant yellow, pink and red blossoms. Stepping forward there was much more to like. The general appearance is a portrayal of regular day to day existence. The setting is outside in a verdant territory. The sky looks dim however is turning more splendid. There is a house in the nation whose proprietor is in the front draining a cow. There is a dead tree that stands bear in the middle. The articles that show up nearest are a messed up fence and the strongly splendid shaded blossoms. The entirety of the articles appear to be vivified and don't appear to be reasonable. The mists are dark and sharp. Causing the watcher to feel that something isn't right. It would appear that a tempest was simply occurring. The breeze overwhelmed the mists is as yet blowing the grass to one side.      Somehow I identified with this artistic creation right now. Thinking back out yonder in the sky you see that there was a tempestuous time. Saturday was such a horrendous morning. When support up you see the base of the image. The lavish energetic blossoms show the brilliant side glad completion. This was my update that there is a quiet after the tempest simply like in the image.      After returning home I figured it would be a smart thought to do some examination. What was happening at the time Benton painted, June Morning? This would assist with explaining the secret of what a portion of the imagery was attempting to state. Thomas Hart Benton was a regionalist who utilized workmanship to delineate the encounters of an ordinary American.

International Financial Reporting Standards †Free Samples to Students

Question: Talk about the International Financial Reporting Standards. Answer: Presentation: An immediate citation in the outside exchange markets shows the estimation of the American dollar is communicated as a for every unit proportion of a remote money. This kind of reference shows the sum U.S. money it takes to get one unit of outside cash (Allen, Hemming Potter 2013). This part engages you to regulate exchange rates for each cash coordinate using prompt or meandering reference. The sort of reference used is dependent on accessible norm. You can portray the sort of reference per client and cash joins (business trade). Circuitous citation has not been required starting in the relatively recent past, in light of the fact that prompt reference was ordinarily used for exchange rates (Avdjiev, McCauley Shin 2016). With the start of the twofold money time of the European Monetary Union (EMU), underhanded reference is by and by used inside Europe for exchange rates with the euro. Underhanded reference is furthermore ending up more commonly recognized all around. As yet, there were various limitations related with dealing with distorted exchange rates. Aberrant citation is the spot the expense of one unit of outside money is given in units of close by cash, while indirect reference is the spot the expense of one unit of neighborhood cash is given in units of remote money (Brigham Ehrhardt 2013). The transformation size of an outside cash is conveyed as proportionate to a particular number of units of the family money. This is regularly conveyed as the proportion of remote money expected to exchange for 1 unit or 100 units of private cash. The more huge the private money, the more conspicuous the proportion of remote cash it can exchange for and the lower the change scale. Right when the neighborhood cash ends up being less noteworthy, it can exchange for a smaller proportion of outside money and the transformation scale drops (Brooke 2016). Under aberrant citation, the climb and fall of exchange rates are direct related to the modifications in estimation of the family cash. Right when the estimation of the family unit money rises, the exchange rates moreover rise; and when the estimation of the private cash falls, the exchange rates fall as well. A backhanded citation in the outside exchange grandstands that conveys the proportion of remote money required to buy or offer one unit of the private money (Cangiano, Curristine Lazare, 2013). A circuitous citation is in any case called a sum reference, since it imparts the measure of outside money required to buy units of the family cash. All things considered, the nearby cash is the base money in an underhanded statement, while the remote money is the counter money. An aberrant citation is the opposite or correlative of a prompt statement, in any case called an esteem reference, since it imparts the expense of one unit of an outside money to the extent the neighborhood cash. As indicated by the given issue, the statement in Australia is $0.801, which means that 1 AUD is equivalent to $0.801. Thus, the expense of AUD 250,000 as far as USD could be registered with the assistance of the unitary strategy as follows: AUD 1 = $0.801 AUD 250,000 = $(0.801 x 250,000) = $200,250 In this way, it could be construed that the expense of AUD 250,000 would be $200,250. As per the gave question, the offer rate is given as $1.2772/GBP and the ask rate is given as $1.2787/GBP. In this situation, $20,000 has been changed over into GBP and afterward it has been changed over back to USD. 1.2772 USD = 1 GBP 1 USD = (1/1.2772) GBP 20,000 USD = (1/1.2772 x 20,000) GBP = 15,659.25 GBP It is accepted that the approach rate is considered for returning the sum to USD. So as to change over the above sum back to USD, the accompanying count has been made: 1 GBP = 1.2787 USD 15,659.25 GBP = (1.2772 x 15,659.25) USD = 20,023.48 USD For this situation, the point is to gain $1,750 on a full circle exchange by purchasing at offer rate and selling at the ask rate. From the above count, it has been discovered that a benefit of $23.48 has been earned by change of 15,659.25 GBP. 23.48 USD = 15,659.25 GBP 1 USD = (15,659.25/23.48) GBP 1,750 USD = (15,659.25/23.48 X 1,750) GBP = 1,167,107.44 GBP For this situation, the ask rate is considered to discover the measure of USD expected to create 1,750 USD. Subsequently, the measure of USD to be raised is determined as follows: 1 GBP = 1.2787 USD 1,167,107.44 GBP = (1.2787 x 1,167,107.44) USD = 1,492,380.55 USD The surmising of private cash in remote exchange exhibit is a basic instrument inside national bank's tool compartment alongside keeping up key idea while setting monetary methodology. Through suggestion, along these lines, money levels impacts a few monetary components (Cavusgil et al. 2014). It tends to be regarded that financing cost paid inside home advance, the benefits on hypothesis portfolio alongside fundamental needs cost in your close by general store alongside maitaining work possibilities. Money changes are aftereffects of floating transformation scale structure, which is standard for genuine economies. Trading size of cash is esteemed to be influenced by different key and concentrated factors. As these factors are to a great extent in a state of ceaseless movement, cash regards change beginning with brief then onto the following. Regardless, notwithstanding the way that a money's level is, as it were, required to be constrained by the concealed economy, the tables are regularly turned, as huge improvements in a cash can deal with the economy's fortunes. The outside exchange exhibit is normally known as FOREX, a general framework, which engages the exchanges the world over. The going with are the standard components of outside exchange feature, which are actually the aftereffect of its working: Trade Function: The basic and most evident capacity of outside exchange shows is the benefit trades (remote money) that starts from a country then repayment of portions (Deresky, 2017). It basically consolidates change of money, in which a part of Starting with for trading getting influence that starts with a country and finishes with other. For example, India import stock from the USA and portion in dollars, while change of rupee to dollar can be upheld by FOREX (Dudin et al. 2015). Credit Function: FOREX offers transient credit to shippers for empowering smooth product stream and adventures from country to country. A shipper may utilize credit for supporting remote purchases. For example, an Indian association requires buying device from USA, may buy by giving an exchange charge remote exchange stage, with advancement of a quarter of a year. Forex Market Participants Clients and Travelers: Buyers may purchase stock in a remote country or through web with charge card. The clients pay remote cash may be changed over to their home money on budgetary record. Explorers must visit the bank or cash exchange organization to change with money (their home cash) into another (objective money) at the hour of utilizing cash to pay items and endeavors inside the nation. Explorers must comprehend rates to ensure they accomplish sensible course of action (Jindrichovska, 2013). Associations: Organizations often should change over fiscal gauges when they direct trade from edges the nation. Immense organizations must change over enormous proportions of cash; a worldwide association. This is for example; General Electric (GE) for instance, changes with a few billions of dollars all as the years progressed. Budgetary pros and Speculators: Financial masters and inspectors require cash exchange at whatever point they deal in any outside endeavor, be it esteems, protections, bank stores, or land. Money related authorities and scholars moreover trade financial measures attempting to benefit by advancements in the money exchange markets (Jung 2017). An incredibly short record of certain imperative sorts of trades drove in the outside exchange publicizes is given underneath. Spot Market: The term spot exchange suggests the class of remote exchange trade, which requires the speedy transport, or exchange of money related structures on the spot. Basically the settlement occurs inside two days in numerous business sectors. The pace of exchange effective for the spot trade is known as the spot rate and the market for such trades is known as the spot show (Phan, Mascitelli Barut 2014). The forward trades is a declaration between two social affairs, requiring the movement at some predefined future date of a foreordained proportion of outside money by one of the get-togethers, against portion in private cash be the other party, at the cost settled upon in the understanding. The pace of exchange relevant to the forward agreement is known as the forward trading scale and the market for forward trades is known as the forward market (Knights Tinker 2016). The outside exchange controls of various countries generally deal with the forward exchange trades with the end goal of checking speculation in the remote exchanges publicize. For example, business banks are permitted to offer forward spread simply concerning genuine passage and import trades. Forward exchange workplaces, plainly, are of immense assistance to exporters and vendors as they can cover the threats developing out of trading scale changes are going into an appropriate forward exchange contract. Regarding its relationship with spot rate, the forward rate may be at standard, markdown or premium. If the forward change scale refered to is right corresponding to the spot rate at the period of settling on the understanding the forward trading scale is supposed to be at standard (Madura, 2015). The forward rate for a money, state the dollar, is supposed to be at premium concerning the spot rate when one dollar buys more units of another cash, say rupee, in the forward than in the spot rate on a for every annum premise. The forward rate for a

Interview MAKE IT SCREAM, MAKE IT BURN Author Leslie Jamison

Interview MAKE IT SCREAM, MAKE IT BURN Author Leslie Jamison When I first read Leslie Jamison’s essay collection The Empathy Exams  back in 2014, I devoured every essay. I then read her novel The Gin Closet, and have read everything she’s put out since. Her writing is sharp and observant, and her ability to move from fiction to personal essay to narrative nonfiction and memoir is admirable. I caught up with her via email to talk about her essay collection Make It Scream, Make It Burn, coming out September 24. Jaime Herndon: You cover a variety of topics in this new book; how did you decide what to include? Leslie Jamison: These essays are just a portion of the writing I’ve done over the past seven years, and ultimately it felt important to me to put together a collection that felt purposeful rather than simply aggregated. As I started looking at the writing I was drawn to, I started to see these themes running underneath pieces that seemed quite disparate in their surface subjects: obsession, longing, hauntingâ€"all of these being ways of describing the ways we feel shaped by what we can’t possess. JH: You state on your website that Make It Scream, Make It Burn is a mirror image to The Empathy Exams. Was this a conscious choice, or did it happen organically?   LJ:  Make It Scream, Make It Burn is divided into three sectionsâ€"Longing, Looking, and Dwellingâ€"and across the course of these essays, it moves from an outward reportorial gaze to a more autobiographical vein of inquiry, closing with deeply personal essays about romance, family, and motherhood. In this arc, it functions as a kind of mirror to my first collection, The Empathy Exams, which began in a deeply personal place and then pointed this confessional gaze outward. Was this mirroring a conscious choice? Not from the outset. From the outset, with both books, I wasn’t writing with an aerial map in mind. I was simply following what fascinated me, what I felt a certain kind of urgency about writing. BUT, once I started to have a strong sense of which essays I wanted to include in this collection, I did become fascinated by the idea of sequencing them in a way that would invert the inward-to-outward logic of The Empathy Examsâ€"that would effectively peel away layers from the jou rnalistic voice to reveal what had been driving her fascinations. JH: I know you’re the Chair of Columbia’s CNF program and a professor, and you also have a family. As a working mother myself, I’m always intrigued to hear how other parents (of any gender, but usually mothers, since many times it falls upon us to do a lot of the work) carve out a writing routine or space for themselves. Can you speak to what your routine looks like? LJ:  Some writers moan about getting too many questions about “process,” and I cannot relate to that lament in any way at all. I’m always hungry to hear other writers talk about how they workâ€"and how they make space for their workâ€"and am always glad to be part of that conversation, as well. I think it’s so important to demystify the writing process, to make it something daily and granular, to push back against the idea that logistics and inspiration are competing gods that live in different worlds. They both live in this one. One of my best friends and I like to talk about the work involved in fighting our way back to the “sacred clearing”â€"that space where the writing can actually happen, amidst all the childcare and the teaching and the grocery shopping. It’s simply a relief to acknowledge and articulate and hear others articulate that there is so much work involved in coming back to this clearing; and that sometimes you get there, and nothing much happens, and y ou have to believe in that part of the work too: showing up for the writing, even when it’s not going as well as you’d hoped. To speak practically: paid childcare is a huge part of what makes it possible for me to write. I also do a lot of work during my toddler daughter’s naps, and after she goes to sleep at night. I’ve gotten very good at sorting work into different categories: “nap work” or “post-bedtime” often involves discrete tasks (like emails or workshop letters), while I preserve those precious stretches of longer hours for the creative work, when I can really dive in without being impossibly tired or uncertain when I’ll be called back. JH: What are you working on now? LJ:  I am working on an essay about Garry Winograndâ€"there’s an exhibit of his color photography at the Brooklyn Museum that feels to me like a secular cathedral of humanity, in all its bewilderment and gloryâ€"and also feeling my way into another novel, for the first time in almost a decade! Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Essay on “Criticisms of Conventional Morality”

Essay on â€Å"Criticisms of Conventional Morality† 1. What is your conscience? It is not only being aware but being aware that you are aware. It also includes a sense of the relationship between the mind and the world. Could it be no more than the collection of prejudices that you were taught growing up? It is also an awareness of the self as self-existing. Why do you trust your conscience? Descartes said it best, â€Å"I think therefore I am† everything else is a product of thought maybe even existence itself. That is where trust lays who better to trust than yourself? Is it only because doing so â€Å"has brought you sustenance and honors† as Nietzsche suggests? No, it is because it is born of reason and it is from a purely philosophical perspective a construct of the mind and self. 2. Kant claims that the moral law his categorical imperative is to act only according to those maxims or principles of action that one could will to be a universal law of nature. That is, only act in ways that you would want everyone to act. What are Nietzsche’s criticisms of this idea? Nietzsche refused to believe that values and morals carry a priori value. 3. Nietzsche maintains that every action is unique. What does he mean by this? All actions cannot be waited on a single value scale without considering all the variables in order to make a moral judgment. E.g. Killing is wrong but what about in self-defense? How does this claim contribute to his critique of Kant? It means that two moralities then are born the noble Good/Bad and the ignoble Good/Evil. 4. Nietzsche recommends that we create our own values and our own moral laws. How can we accomplish these things? By adopting the age old saying doing unto others as you would unto yourself. 5. According to Nietzsche, different moral codes are designed to achieve difference purposes, that is, different practical aims. Is there any reason, then, to think that there is a moral code that is uniquely true? Yes there are universal values that transcend all social and cognitive constructs if not then we would have no morality and society would break down. 6. Nietzsche claims to have â€Å"discovered two basic types† of morality. What are they? The noble Good/Bad and the ignoble Good/Evil. How do they differ from each other? Ignoble values are reversal born out of resentment of the former created by the strong .e.g. the wealthy say wealth is good while the poor say it is a vice. 7. According to which type or morality does one have duties only to one’s peers? Respect is the morality for one’s peers. Do you think this kind of moral code underwrites nationalism and patriotism? No it is a created human cognitive construct that is a mechanism for collective protection and progress. 8. What does Nietzsche see as the difference between good versus bad and good versus evil? He never gave an alternative to Kant. 9. Nietzsche claims that there are no moral facts whatsoever, that morality is merely symptomatology. What can he mean by this? Morality doesn’t exist and that proving, providing or promoting a value means it is a value just a construct. He denies some values have an intrinsic value Morality is a symptom of what? Civilization which is loss of freedom for we stop being like a bird of prey and have to be civil to each other thus civilization is the ultimate product. Appearance and Reality 1. Russell says that in daily life we sometimes make certain assumptions that we later recognize as mistaken. Can you think of an example of a belief you were quite sure of, that you later found out was false? My parents were infallible and all knowing. 2. What do you think Russell means when he says to view the world as a painter? The painter creates his world through his five senses and his perception. A philosopher? A wise one who uses reason. 3. Russell says that the table in front of him isn’t brown all over. Why not? It is a question of perception and epytimology he may name it by a color not accepted as being called brown what point is Russell making by pointing out this simple fact? What I see and you see are two different things due to perception. 4. Isn’t the shape of the table always the same? No where would you have to be to view the table as a rectangle? From one end at a specific angle 5. How do Russell’s examples suggest a difference between appearance and reality? One is perception born of the mind one is born of the physical world of fixed laws of physics. The Will to believe 1. James argues that we do not have volitional control over our beliefs, that we cannot, just by willing it, believe that Abraham Lincoln’s existence is a myth, for example. Is he right? No he is wrong we can have reason to use to destroy false information as well as science e.g. everybody knows Columbus didn’t discover America simply because he was lost thought he was India and found the ameri-indians there before him If he is right, then are we really responsible in any sense for our beliefs? We are responsible and a distinction must be made between belief and conviction. There is such a thing as wrong conviction and right belief 2 Why does Hames write that â€Å"our faith is someone else’s faith, and in the greatest matters this is most the case†? Do you agree with him? Yes. It is interesting that the god of the conquered e.g. looks exactly like the conquer. It is a wonder that black Africa was conquered by Europeans and their god now looks like a European Jesus. Spanish conquistadors or British colonialist, 3. James maintains that as rational thinkers our goal is to gain truth and avoid error. Yet it is challenging to pursue this goal when the evidence is mixed and inconclusive. James thinks that when the evidence for and against some proposition X is inconclusive, we have three choices: (1) we can withhold belief and continue to amass evidence for and against until we can make a more informed decision, (2) we can go ahead and believe X anyway, or (3) we can go ahead and disbelieve X anyway. What would Clifford recommend we do in such a case? I have my own solution first proposed by the Muslim scholar and theologian Ibn Sina known as Avores. Double truth. Where both can be true. 4. James thinks that the strategy of withholding belief when faced with conflicting evidence amounts to accepting this risk averse strategy: better to miss our on some truths rather than add more errors. He argues that a more risk positive strategy is equally rational, thought: better to add more errors rather than miss our on some truths. Which approach sounds more reasonable to you? Better to add errors so that they maybe eliminated and there in lies the wisdom because error brings truth and truth easily falls to error. 5. James is concerned with whether we should have very high standards for belief or lower our standards and be willing to believe on shakier evidence. What do you think about this issue in a legal setting? Never in a legal setting because innocent people will be robbed of their lives and time. 6. High standards means that we would convict on very compelling evidence (thus seldom convicting the innocent, but at the same time setting guilty people free against whom we had little evidence). Lower standards means that we would be willing to convict on weaker evidence (thus mistakenly convicting more innocent people, but also convicting more guilty people). Is it better to (1) let some guilty go free rather than convict more innocents, or (2) convict more innocents rather than let more guilty go free? Better let guilty go free why what goes around comes around. The society has to change to chastise the guilty. E.g. everybody shuns them.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 1565 Words

Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental illness that has resulted from a severe traumatic event. Given the hidden nature of this mental illness, PTSD has become more common among teenagers. Research states that â€Å"Depending upon the nature and degree of the traumatic event, the prevalence rates of PTSD in victims have been reported to approach 100%† (Kar, 2011, p.167). Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has been used as an effective intervention to assist in regulating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Evidence-based practice, displays that cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) strategy is an excellent way in decreasing the symptoms and risks that occur with post-traumatic stress disorder (Feather Ronan, 2009). The†¦show more content†¦Goals of the Program Evaluation The first goal of this consumer-oriented evaluation is to reduce PTSD symptoms in teenagers with the use of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Evaluating the efficacy of this goal, the first data point would be to collect quantitative data on the severity levels of PTSD with the use of self-report surveys. Second, collect quantitative data with a questionnaire on the use of parental involvement within the teenager’s life. Third, collect qualitative data from focus groups on how teachers can be supportive. The second goal of this consumer-oriented evaluation is to diminish the risk of violence in teenagers with PTSD. Evaluating the efficacy of this goal, the first data point is to use quantitative data to measure adjustments in violent behavior in pretreatment and posttreatment. Second, use quantitative data to display a correlational relationship between the annoyance and forceful behavior in PTSD. Third, use qualitative data to assess the changes that occurred with posttreatment on reducing the risk of violence with PTSD. Data Collection and Instrumentation The first goal data points will utilize quantitative collection with the use of self-surveys and questionnaires. The PTSD Self-Rating Scale, will be used to provide a measurement of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (Fan et al., 2011). This self-report survey was given before treatment, to provide a rating on the severity of the PTSD

Dutch Revolt Free Essays

1 Assignment 2 How significant was the Reformed faith for the success of the Dutch Revolt Essay plan My essay will begin with a chapter on when and why the revolt Started, and will then continue to explain and talk about the main participants in its continuance and then go on to talk about their individual beliefs and reasons for the revolts emergence and success. The Dutch revolt or the revolt of the Netherlands as it is also known as, started in 1566 and carried on until the early 17th century. The seventeen provinces of the Low Countries were acquired by the Hasburgs through marriage in 1477 but were still infested with independent lordships right up until the 17th century and were divided between German speaking Dutch in the north 2 East and French speaking Walloons (people from the area of modern day Belgium) in the south west. We will write a custom essay sample on Dutch Revolt or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reformation in the Netherlands was an international religious and political event with the seventeen provinces of the Low Countries against the ardent Catholics supported by Charles V and then his son Philip II of the Spanish Empire. The seventeen provinces soon jelled under the leadership of William prince of orange. William was born in 1533 and was raised as a Lutheran, when he was 11, and when his cousin died he inherited the title Prince of Orange, on the condition that he had a Roman Catholic education. He grew up and became a wealthy nobleman who originally served the Hasburgs as a member of the court of Margaret of Parma, the governor of the Spanish Netherlands who was the king’s representative due to the fact of being Charles V illegitimate daughter from a relationship with Johanna Maria Van der Gheynst. William held the position of the Stadholder (steward/ lieutenant). Having been raised as a Lutheran and later being educated in the 3 Catholic ways he grew dissatisfied at the persecution of the Protestants in the Netherlands. It was 1559 when he was given the position of Stadholder of the provinces of Holland and Utrecht, and his decision to oppose the king originated later in the same year when in the company of a couple of French noblemen he overheard about the plan to exterminate the protestants in both France and the Netherlands, and he decided he wanted, nothing to do with their slaughter. In August 1566 the uprising was bought about with a wave of beeldenstorm (iconoclasm) spread with the destruction of statues and religious images in hundreds of churches and monasteries across the Netherlands. The destruction of these statues and Catholic images were denounced as superstitious and unbiblical and the stained glass images were also seen as false teachings of the church (pp68 Block 2 The European Reformation). Margaret allowed influential noblemen including William to become more involved with the rebels in return for their help in quelling anymore destruction; she also granted some of the rebel’s wishes, which included suspending the heresy laws to enable a group of 4 petitioners to negotiate with Philip II, but in early 1567 it became clear she would not be allowed to fulfil her promises when the Duke of Alba was dispatched to the area to restore order. After his arrival the duke set up the council of troubles or known locally as the council of blood because of he 10,000 rebels called before the council for judgment and subsequently killed. William was one of these called up but he failed to show up, he was named as a rebel and had his lands and properties confiscated. Charles V was born in the Flemish city of Ghent in 1500. In 1506 he inherited his father’s Burgundian territories but because of his tender age his aunt Margaret acted as regent until 1515. From early on in 1 515 Charles had to deal with a rebellion from peasants, and after defeating them in 1523 he went on to extend the Burgundian territories. The European Inquisition executed their first Lutheran martyrs at Brussels in 1523, but private support for the new beliefs was more widespread than publically thought. In 1521 Charles called an assembly at worms in Germany to discuss Protestant Reformation. He called Martin Luther to appear before the assembly and to either renounce or reaffirm his views. 5 Luther Said â€Å"Unless I am convinced by the testimony of the scriptures or by clear reason (for I do not trust either in the pope or in councils alone, since it is well known that they have often erred and ontradicted themselves), I am bound by the scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is captive to the word of God. I cannot and will not recant anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. May God help me. Amen. After the assembly Charles V made a decree (edict of worms) which stated â€Å" We forbid anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favour the said Martin Luther. On the contrary we want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic, as he deserves, to be brought personally before us, or to be securely guarded until those who have captured him inform us, where upon we will order the appropriate manner of proceeding against the said Luther. Those who will help in his capture will be rewarded generously for 6 their good work†. It was the culmination of an ongoing struggle between Martin Luther and the Catholic Church. On his way back to Wittenburg after his meeting with Charles, William was picked up by soldiers of Frederick the Wise and escorted to Wartburg Castle for his own protection. Philip II became king of Spain and Lord of the low countries in 1556 when he took over from his father Charles V. Philips rule in the seventeen separate provinces known collectively as the Netherlands faced many difficulties including heavy taxation and the suppression of Protestantism; this led to warfare in 1568. In 1566, protestant preachers sparked anti-clerical riots known as the Iconoclast Fury; in response to growing heresy, the duke of Alba`s army went on the offensive which further alienated the local aristocracy. In 1584, William of Orange was assassinated by Balthasar Gerard, after Philip had offered a reward of 25,000 crowns to anyone who killed him, calling him a â€Å"pest on the whole of Christianity and the enemy of the human race†. 7 All of the key people involved with the revolt in the Netherlands had their own religious beliefs, and it was these beliefs which were instrumental in the uprising, from the catholic support of the Spanish royal family and the other established European rulers at the time, and the new believers such as Luther and Calvin who influenced William of Orange and other key rebels. The key figures in the new religious movement had such influence over the wronged peasants that they were able to be guaranteed of their support in whatever was asked of them including the revolt itself. (Word Count 1149) Bibliography Wallace, P. (The Long European Reformation). Grell, Ole Peter. O`Day, R. Laurence, A. Loftus, D. (The European Reformation), Block 2. The Open University, Milton Keynes. How to cite Dutch Revolt, Papers

Discipline free essay sample

Machiavelli has a theory that ends justify the means which means a person may do whatever they need to do as long as their outcome has some meaning. In sports some believe that taking steroids is the right thing to do. Then there is also the group that believes that taking steroids is morally wrong. From an ethical/moral standpoint, players who use steroids are cheating and living a lie, garnering success and prospering from illegal substances. Users who buy into Machiavellis theory go against societys standards of rewarding hard work and discipline. When you take steroids you do not use hard work and discipline to reach your physical status. Taking steroids is a harm that reaches far beyond ones body, but into ones soul. It is morally wrong to cheat for a living. Those who oppose the illegality and immorality of performance-enhancing drugs maintain that professional athletes should have the right to use steroids because steroids are no different from any other technology or substance that enables athletes to compete at high levels. Although advances in technology in sports have been made that only allows the sports to become more competitive. Ones body is not a piece of equipment that can be used, abused, and replaced. Using enhancers such as, anabolic steroids, allows beings to become almost super human an act of immorality. In Steve Yuhas’ essay, â€Å"The Steroid Scandal in Baseball has been Overblown,† he explains a profound understanding that steroids cannot increase the abilities of an athlete. Overall steroids do not help the abilities taught to professional athletes or athletes in general. Yuhas states that â€Å"Yes, they can become stronger and their biceps may grow to the size of a normal person’s thigh, but that doesn’t make them able to hit a small ball with a thin bat and it certainly doesn’t make a football player throw more accurately or kick the ball through the uprights with more precision† (Yuhas 2). Abilities are taught and learned. Steroids do not help the ability of the athlete. He is a believer of Machiavellis theory; he believes that an athlete does not have to work hard to achieve a mentally and physically stronger body when they can just pop a pill to do the work for them. Yuhas’ argues, â€Å"There seems to be a [†¦] scale of morality involved in steroids that is absent from any other substance. Popping a pill to render a child more productive in school or to make a fat person thin is great; sucking the fat out of a womans behind or injecting a forehead with botox is simply cosmetic upkeep, but put something in your body that makes you more competitive in your livelihood and it is somehow morally corrupt† (Yuhas 2). Although Yuhas makes a substantial argument there is a thin line between what is morally wrong and what is right. Athletes use steroids to become stronger to earn more money and fame for themselves. Society looks upon steroid use as an immoral judgment. Steroid use for athletes is a selfish and greedy act. People may use botox to prevent â€Å"Father Time†, but that is not a reason for professional athletes, who are role models to so many, to use steroids. A human beings competitive livelihood is apparent to all. When someone wants to become the best they are willing to work hard for it and not cheat. When you use steroids you do not become the greatest athlete, but you do become the worst. Despite the recent problems with steroid use in professional sports, especially baseball, steroid restrictions have not been enforced hard enough on the athletes. Steroids used by one-person gives them an advantage over those who do not use performance enhancers. Due to steroid use, sports records held by elite athletes are being broken by false feats that are only achieved by using an enhancer, and enforcing steroid use in professional sports gives young athletes a better understanding of how dangerous enhancers actually are. Aside from personal harm to the user, steroid use is detrimental to fellow players as well as fans. Many things can be included as an immoral act but in today’s society steroid use is a main point on what is morally wrong. Baseball is an American pastime and ruining the game is a bad example to all Americans. Americans have a livelihood for competition, from clinching the World Series to who can belch the loudest. Our conscience urges competition to an extreme that makes the littlest of things very big. While performance-enhancing drugs enhance an athletes skill sets, they devalue and alter competition. When you go to a baseball game you only want to see a few things, which include that huge homerun by your favorite player and the win to your favorite team. Some would argue that using steroids will allow more homeruns to players and would make baseball games more entertaining. Well those few people may be right but then the game would not be competitive. If you go to a game and each team hits five to eight homeruns apiece the urge to see homeruns and watch the game would be ruined. Records are always broken, each decade a more outstanding athlete emerges and they begin at a record pace and break great athletic records. Records are something to glorify, Babe Ruth had the record homeruns in a season, then a few years later that was broken by another player, Roger Marris. As the game began to become more competitive in both aspects of pitching and hitting records were difficult to break. Hitters began to hit the long ball harder and further, the change in the athletes muscle mass was exponential but players and the MLB did not care. Baseball had many fans, as Mark McGwire had been his record-breaking homerun pace. His record was set by a lie as he attested to using steroids during that record breaking year and his lie caused much hurt to fans as it had embarrassed the franchise. Later Barry Bonds broke the record and broke the all time homeruns in a career passing Hank Aaron. Not long after that he was accused of using steroids and then again a franchise was embarrassed. The pressure on baseball players is indirect; it comes twice a month, on paydays. The big money goes to guys who hit thirty homers, not the ones who hit thirty doubles. It pays to be strong; it is almost like an animalistic behavior. Only the strongest survive. Are athletes the role models needed for American youth? Many young athletes have their favorite player in whichever sport they partake in. Seeing their idol admitting to using steroids could possibly corrupt their mind in believing that steroid use is the right thing to do to become a stronger and better athlete. Beyond any possible benefits of steroid use lies the dangerous issue of health. In many cases, athletes (especially young athletes) are so focused on success in a professional sport that they are ignoring the glaring consequences of steroid use. In actuality, the price of steroid use and abuse is high; much higher a price than any lucrative contract or marketing deal. â€Å"The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that heart attacks, strokes, and live cancer are the more serious life-threatening effects of steroid abuse. Side effects for male users include acne, hair-loss, development of breasts, shrinking testicles, and impotence. † (qtd. In Fletcher D4). Yet another way in which steroids harm the user is through increased susceptibility to injuries. One theory is that players are overwhelming their bodies with rapid muscle growth. Players who use steroids to gain a competitive advantage over peers and opponents pressure others, including youth, to use performance-enhancing substances. If they too want to win and remain competitive, they must use steroids as well. In baseball, as with all professional sports, income, fame, and marketability depend on success and impressive feats of athleticism. The pressure and increased incentive to bulk up is evident. â€Å"The average size of a major-league player was a pretty standard 6-foot-1, 185 pounds for at least 30 years, until the early 1990s. Today, the average player is 6-foot-1, 200 pounds, and most teams have players who weigh in at 240 pounds or more. † (West 22). Bigger players hit more home runs and sign lucrative contracts and endorsement deals. Because of this, more players want to be bigger. As more and more players are tainted by steroids it begins to affect more and more of the youth that watches sports. Steroids have directly affected the biggest fans in baseball, America’s youth. Besides cheapening statistics and athletic accomplishments, the use of performance-enhancing drugs has tarnished the general image of baseball. Instead of a game that encourages healthy competition, it is one that resembles a pharmacological trade show, where the effects of steroids are put on display. Baseball is known as Americas pastime. It holds a special place in American society. The values of society are reflected in the values of its most popular and revered cultural pastimes. When the message is sent that it is acceptable to have a drug problem in sport, it is akin to saying that this staple of American culture is reflective of a drug problem in society. Some would argue that baseball is a reflection of a culture mired in drugs and a society that is lacking quality role models for its youth. One of the biggest blows to baseballs image came in August 2005 when slugger Rafael Palmeiro, who has collected over 3,000 hits and has hit nearly 600 home runs during his career, tested positive for steroids. † (Fletcher D1). The former first baseman for the Baltimore Orioles was booed relentlessly and was told by the team after the season he would no longer be part of the team. Palmeiro is since retired; his hall-of-fame numbers are still in question. As we have seen, the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport, specifically baseball, is an immoral practice. As seen steroid use does in fact directly affects fans and the teammates that the player plays with. Drug testing baseball players cannot be foolproof. In fact, all the testing does is keep players from using optimal dosages and encourage them to find ways to mask the drugs. The only infallible test for steroid use is a players moral compass. As soon as players identify not using steroids as a moral obligation, for both personal reasons and beyond, the game of baseball and its once-great warriors will return to the apex of the sporting world.